Learn all about drug names, including the chemical name, generic name, and brand name of a medication; medication regulation, including the US drug schedule and drug risk classification in pregnancy; the process of medication reconciliation and the potential for interactions with herbal supplements.

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2:59 Generic Name
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All of the nurses at Level Up RN are here to help! Cathy Parkes started helping her fellow classmates back when she was in nursing school, tutoring so they could pass their exams and graduate. After she got her BSN and started working as an RN at Scripps Encinitas Hospital, she started this YouTube channel to help nursing students around the world. Since then she has built a team of top-notch dedicated nurses and nurse educators who are focused on improving nursing education and supporting career advancement for nurses everywhere. With flashcards, videos, courses, organizational tools and more, we are singularly focused on helping students and nurses Level Up on their exams and nursing careers.
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Spotting a cocaine addict is typically not very difficult and side effects such as irritability, anxiety and increased talking are easy to spot. Determine if someone you know is addicted to cocaine with help from a practicing psychiatrist in this free video on drug addiction.

Expert: Dr George Northrup
Contact: docgmd.com
Bio: Dr. George Northrup earned his medical degree at The University of South Florida in Tampa and completed his psychiatry residency at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Filmmaker: Christopher Rokosz

Series Description: Drug addiction is a life threatening illness, but these tips can help save someone’s life. Become aware of the signs and symptoms of drug addiction with help from a practicing psychiatrist in this free video series on drug addiction.

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Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content.

These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video.
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Decision-making in teens involves a chemical called dopamine in the brain’s reward center. Dopamine helps transmit signals in the brain that make people feel happy. The number of brain receptors interacting with dopamine is higher in adolescence than at any other time of life. That means that when a teen is exposed to a reward—such as a compliment—the reward center reacts more strongly than it would for an adult.

Also, being with friends increases the sensitivity to rewards and makes the already sensitive reward system even more sensitive. Feeling rewards more strongly and responding more intensely to what peers may think means that there are biological reasons for why teens sometimes decide to do things with their friends that they would never do on their own. This can be positive, by encouraging friends to take on new challenges. But it can also lead to dangerous decisions—such as drug and alcohol use.

Misuse of substances like alcohol and drugs is a growing problem in the US — and teens and young adults are most at risk, with half of all new drug users being under the age of 18, and 1 in 5 high school students having abused prescription drugs. Additionally, one third of high school students currently use alcohol, 23% use marijuana, and 22% use all forms of tobacco combined.

Drug use and abuse can contribute to harmful short and long-term health risks. In fact, drug abuse can have long-term effects on a developing teenage brain. MRI scans of the brain have shown that people who have been using drugs for a long time have a smaller prefrontal cortex than people who have not been using drugs. The prefrontal cortex is the area where decision-making occurs. Drug use can result in poor grades, memory loss and social problems.

A lot of us have an idea about what a person dependent on drugs looks like. However, anyone can suffer from this type of addiction. Addiction doesn’t depend on income, job, age, race or color. It is a disease of the brain that can happen to anyone. Drug dependency is when a person consumes alcohol or drugs regularly, despite the fact that it causes issues in their life and relationships with others.

Get help if you need it. Encourage your friends to get help too. If you or someone you love is struggling with drug use or abuse call 1-800-662-HELP or visit www.easyread.drugabuse.gov

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This video discusses Therapeutic Index, Therapeutic Window, Drug Allergy, Drug Idiosyncracy, & Drug Toxicity
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Crude drug & it’s synonym |Pharmacognosy

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PLEASE WATCH PARENTS AND AUTHORITY FIGURES WATCH THE FIRST ONE THEN THIS ONE. I’M NOT A COUNSELOR, THERAPIST. I HAVE LIFE EXPERIENCE IN THE DISEASE OF ADDICTION AND AM TRYING TO SAVE MY LIFE. MAYBE HELP OTHERS WITH MY EXPERIENCE.
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Adi Jaffe was a crystal meth dealer in Los Angeles, purchasing his supply from local meth labs and making his way up to dealing with Mexican cartels. After leaving prison, Jaffe attained his doctorate degree in psychology. He now lectures at the University of California, Los Angeles, and runs a practice called IGNTD, which takes a unique approach to addiction recovery.

David McMillan is a British Australian former drug smuggler. He trafficked heroin through Southeast and Central Asia. He was arrested numerous times between the ’80s and 2012, and he estimates he trafficked over million worth of heroin internationally. He is now an author and speaker on drug-policy reform.

Pieter Tritton, a former cocaine smuggler, speaks with Business Insider about trafficking cocaine from Ecuador to Europe through a cartel connection. Tritton was arrested in Ecuador and sentenced to 12 years in one of the world’s most violent and corrupt prisons.

Shaun Attwood is a former drug smuggler who ran a successful ring trafficking MDMA pills in the US in the ’90s. He was arrested in 2002 and served six years in US jails. Attwood published his life story as the “English Shaun Trilogy” and talks to audiences around the UK and Europe about prison reform.

Neil Woods spent 14 years as an undercover police officer infiltrating some of the most dangerous organized-crime groups in the UK. He speaks with BI about his experience with drug-dealing gangs and how the drug market works. Woods is now a board member of the Law Enforcement Action Partnership, an American nonprofit.

Adi Jaffe
https://www.igntd.com
Pieter Tritton

Homie

Shaun Attwood
https://shaunattwood.com/books/
Neil Woods
https://www.amazon.com/Neil-Woods/e/B07DPSM7L4

WATCH MORE HOW CRIME WORKS VIDEOS:
How Rikers Island (New York) Jail Actually Works | How Crime Works | Insider

How Call Center Scams Actually Work | How Crime Works | Insider

How 8 Crimes Actually Work (From Money Laundering To Diamond Heists) | How Crime Works | Insider

00:00:00 – Crystal Meth
00:18:27 – Heroin
00:41:16 – Cocaine
00:57:21 – Ecstasy
01:16:27 – Drug Gangs
01:28:34 – Credits

——————————————————
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How Drug Trafficking Actually Works — From Heroin to Cocaine | How Crime Works | Insider
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2 charged with drug trafficking after MCSO deputies find 217 pounds of suspected cocaine

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WFAA’s Jason Wheeler explains what’s happening to some prospective employees.
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Addiction is a neurological disorder that affects the reward system in the brain. In a healthy person, the reward system reinforces important behaviors that are essential for survival such as eating, drinking, sex, and social interaction. For example, the reward system ensures that you reach for food when you are hungry, because you know that after eating you will feel good. In other words, it makes the activity of eating pleasurable and memorable, so you would want to do it again and again whenever you feel hungry. Drugs of abuse hijack this system, turning the person’s natural needs into drug needs.
The brain consists of billions of neurons, or nerve cells, which communicate via chemical messages, or neurotransmitters. When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, an electrical impulse called an action potential is generated and travels down the axon to the nerve terminal. Here, it triggers the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft – a space between neurons. The neurotransmitter then binds to a receptor on a neighboring neuron, generating a signal in it, thereby transmitting the information to that neuron.
The major reward pathways involve transmission of the neurotransmitter dopamine from the ventral tegmental area – the VTA – of the midbrain to the limbic system and the frontal cortex. Engaging in enjoyable activities generates action potentials in dopamine-producing neurons of the VTA. This causes dopamine release from the neurons into the synaptic space. Dopamine then binds to and stimulates dopamine-receptor on the receiving neuron. This stimulation by dopamine is believed to produce the pleasurable feelings or rewarding effect. Dopamine molecules are then removed from the synaptic space and transported back in to the transmitting neuron by a special protein called dopamine-transporter.
Most drugs of abuse increase the level of dopamine in the reward pathway. Some drugs such as alcohol, heroin, and nicotine indirectly excite the dopamine-producing neurons in the VTA so that they generate more action potentials. Cocaine acts at the nerve terminal. It binds to dopamine-transporter and blocks the re-uptake of dopamine. Methamphetamine – a psychostimulant – acts similarly to cocaine in blocking dopamine removal. In addition, it can enter the neuron, into the dopamine-containing vesicles where it triggers dopamine release even in the absence of action potentials.
Different drugs act different way but the common outcome is that dopamine builds-up in the synapse to a much greater amount than normal. This causes a continuous stimulation, maybe over-stimulation of receiving neurons and is responsible for prolonged and intense euphoria experienced by drug users. Repeated exposure to dopamine surges caused by drugs eventually de-sensitizes the reward system. The system is no longer responsive to everyday stimuli; the only thing that is rewarding is the drug. That is how drugs change the person’s life priority. After some time, even the drug loses its ability to reward and higher doses are required to achieve the rewarding effect. This ultimately leads to drug overdose.

We have all heard of XTC, X, Molly or in medical terms MDMA. All names for the same drug. It is often praised for creating a warm, fussy experience filled with love, enjoyment and distortion of time and perception. This is the pitch, which might have convinced you to try it at some point in your life. Or maybe you have always been curious to do so.

That is where this video comes in. I will be covering the origin of MDMA, it’s effects, long term risks, symptoms of an overdose.

This video is part of a videoseries on the Dangers of Illicit Drugs. Find the playlists here:

The origin of MDMA:
It was developed by a German pharmaceutical company in 1912. It was intended as a compound which could be used to synthesize medications to control bleeding. Although soon people started experimenting with it and found out it’s stimulant and psychedelic properties.
In the 80s and 90s MDMA started to becoming widely available on the street as a party drug.

Statistics:
Sinds then, the popularity of MDMA sky rocketed. A recent study found that about 20% of all Americans had used MDMA in the previous year. And about 1% of Americans aged 19-28 had used it in the last month.

How does it work?
MDMA works by increasing the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline. It also blocks their re-absorption. Together, this leads to an increased concentration of these neurotransmitters in several pathways of your brain.

The “positive” effects:
This mechanism causes the short term effects you might associate with MDMA: an enhanced sense of pleasure, euphoria, more self-confidence, increased energy, feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and empathy.

The “negative” effects:
Unfortunately using MDMA can also cause several adverse effects, like: Jaw clenching, teeth grinding, restlessness, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, sweating, thirst, nausea, impulsiveness, increased heart rate, rising body temperature and high blood pressure.

Withdrawal symptoms:
Among others: Irritability, depression, confusion, agression, muscle cramps, problems with sleep, anxiety, memory deficits, loss of attention, nausea, decreased appetite and decreased libido.

Overdose:
The risk of overdose is quite low. However, repeated use within a short time frame can increase this risk. In addition MDMA is prone to being “cut” with other illicit and potentially deadly chemicals. This further increases your risk on serious medical problems or an overdose.
The same is true for voluntarily combining MDMA with marijana, alcohol or other drugs.

Now pay attention: common symptoms for an overdose are: excessive thirst, heavy sweating, muscle cramping, shaking chills, little to no urine output, blurred vision, fainting and seizures.
Seek immediate medical help if you recognize these symptoms, as they can lead to severe liver damage, kidney failure, brain damage, heart failure and potentially death.

– Disclaimer: this video and the comments are meant purely informational! This is not medical advice! If you are looking for medical advice always contact your own doctor. –

Literature:
1: A. Perez. J. Leonard (2022). How long does molly stay in your system? Medical News Today.
2: NIDA. (2021). Can you overdose or die if you use MDMA use (Ecstasy or Molly)? NIDA.
3: J. Halpern. A. Sherwood. J. Hudson et al. (2011). neurocognitive features of long-term ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs. Addiction.106: 777-86.
4: NIDA. (2022). MDMA (Ecstasy) Abuse Research Report: Introduction. NIDA.

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